The family of champignon also has toxic representatives. One of them is a rough lepyot. Beginning mushroom pickers can easily confuse this type with edible and poison. A careful study of the external features of the fungus will help to avoid this.
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Description of the mushroom
Lepiota is rough, The Latin name is Lepiota aspera, belongs to the family of champignon genus Lepiot. The mushroom is also found under the names of the umbrella rough or witty, Echinoderm is witty.
The mushroom hat is quite fleshy, It has a diameter from 7 to 15 cm. Young specimens are ovoid, As they grow, they become bell -shaped, Passing into an open form with a bulge in the center (In adult fruit bodies). The color of the hat is beige-brown. On the surface there is a large number of pyramidal bristly scales, which are much darker than the main color of the hat. The plates are numerous, Free, located densely, Thin. Their color is white or yellowish.
The leg of the mushroom has a thickness before 15 mm, Height - before 12 cm. Cylindrical form with bloating in the lower part. In the upper part of the leg is smooth, Bright, The bottom becoming darker. The film ring is stable, hanging, wide.
The pulp of the mushroom is white, fibrous. Its smell is extremely unpleasant, And the taste is sharp with bitterness. Disputes are white or slightly yellowish.
A little story
For the first time, Echinoderm was described in 1793 year by microbiologist Person H.G.. The modern Latin name of this species is given in 1886 year as a mycologist from France Lucien Kale.
Time and place of fruiting lepiots witty
The mushroom is found in mixed forests on soils, rich in humus, In rotten garbage. The Lepiota is growing rough in parks and gardens, On the sidelines of roads.
Mushrooms can be single or located a group. The rough umbrella is found throughout Europe, In North America and North Africa.
The fruiting period lasts from August to October. The maximum number of fruit bodies is formed in September.
False doubles of a poisonous umbrella
The doubles of Lepiots rough are representatives of the same family. Looking at the photo, It will be easier to understand their main differences.
These include:
- Lepiote is shield -shaped. The mushroom is conditional. The difference is the diameter of the white hat, not exceeding 8 cm. The smell and taste of the fungus-two. The rest of the species are very similar.
Lepiote is shield -shaped. - Lepiot Bredisson. Deadly poisonous mushroom, So far, little studied. Its main difference is the size, Bredisson lepiote is much less rough. The diameter of the hat does not exceed 4 cm. The pulp has a sour taste, and the smell of the fruit body is similar to the budon.
Lepiota Brebisson
Important! Only a conditionally sedentary mushroom does not have an unpleasant odor and taste.
Therapeutic properties
Despite the toxic properties of the fungus, It is medicinal. The study of its useful qualities made it possible to identify a number of valuables, allowing the use of these fruit bodies in the production of drugs.
During the study from lepiots roughly, special polysaccharides were distinguished, которые оказывают выраженное действие на образование раковых клеток, сдерживая развитие ряда сарком. Опыты на белых мышах показали эффективность этих компонентов в 70% случаев.
Also, the extract Lepiots roughly has a pronounced antibacterial effect. It is effective in the fight against the hay and E. coli. The research of the mushroom continues and is not excluded, that other indispensable properties will be identified, valuable from the point of view of medicine.
Signs of poisoning and first aid
If an echinoderma is a toxin, poisoning is acutely in the body only in the case, If a large volume of mushrooms is consumed or in combination with alcohol. The property of this type of lepiotes leads to poisoning after alcohol was detected in 2011 year by German doctors.
During intoxication, the patient occurs the following symptoms:
- redness of the face;
- tachycardia;
- pulsating headache;
- Far breathing.
При появлении симптомов отравления требуется срочно вызвать скорую. Проводить самолечение недопустимо.
Первой помощью при отравлении лепиотой шероховатой является вызывание рвоты и прием сорбентов. По возможности проводится промывание желудка. Вызвать скорую необходимо в обязательном порядке. Повторение симптомов отравления возможно в течение 2–3 дней после употребления гриба.
Interesting facts about the umbrella rough
- Зонтик шероховатый может расти как на почве богатой питательными веществами, так и на остатках гниющих деревьев и мусора.
- Токсические свойства лепиоты шероховатой бурно проявляются после употребления алкоголя и, если у отравившегося слабое сердце, легко приводят к смерти.
- The species has medicinal properties, which are used in the production of pharmaceuticals.
Lepiot's rough belongs to toxic mushrooms, поэтому важно уметь безошибочно отличить ее от условно-съедобного зонтика. Неприятный запах и вкус лепиоты должны стать основными критериями при отборе грибов во время тихой охоты.
